Trees, sometimes only one species, mostly of great size in major tracts of land. The protective effects are: 1 ) against: ) aridity; (b) ) erosion; c ) sterility; (d) ) harmful insects; e ) drought; f ) wind; 2 ) in favor of: ) accumulation of humus; (b) ) soil conservation; c ) fauna, including partially aquatic; (d) ) fertility; e ) Regulation of the climate: rain, humidity, temperature; f ) less vegetation. By stomata ( 41 microscopic openings; mainly on the obverse of the leaves, trees extracted large quantities of water from underground. In summer, the trees of great stature and deep roots can expel into the atmosphere of 200 to 300 liters of water per day ( l/d ): 20 000 to 30 000 l/d in one hectare of forest. Synonyms: groves, woodlands, forests, jungles, forests ( protective ). Antonyms: clearings, deserts, wastelands, moorland, unimproved ( helpless ). (Source: Great world encyclopedia. Durvan, S. a. editions. Bilbao, Spain )